Mayendedwe a magalimoto amagetsi: 2023 ikhala chaka chamadzi pamagalimoto olemera

Lipoti laposachedwa lotengera maulosi a Futurist Lars Thomsen akuwonetsa tsogolo la magalimoto amagetsi pozindikira zomwe zikuchitika pamsika.
Kodi kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndikowopsa?Kukwera kwamitengo yamagetsi, kukwera kwa mitengo ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zopangira zidapangitsa kukayikira zamtsogolo zamagalimoto amagetsi.Koma ngati muyang'ana chitukuko chamtsogolo cha msika ku Ulaya, US ndi China, magalimoto amagetsi akukula padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi deta ya SMMT, kulembetsa kwa magalimoto atsopano ku UK mu 2022 kudzakhala 1.61m, pomwe 267,203 ndi magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi (BEVs), omwe amawerengera 16.6% yamagalimoto atsopano, ndipo 101,414 ndi magalimoto ophatikiza.wosakanizidwa.(PHEV) Imawerengera 6.3% yamagalimoto atsopano ogulitsa.
Zotsatira zake, magalimoto oyera amagetsi akhala achiwiri otchuka kwambiri ku UK.Pali magalimoto amagetsi pafupifupi 660,000 ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa (PHEVs) okwana 445,000 ku UK lero.
Lipoti la Juice Technology lozikidwa pa maulosi a Futurist Lars Thomsen limatsimikizira kuti gawo la magalimoto amagetsi likupitiriza kuwonjezeka, osati m'magalimoto okha, komanso m'magalimoto a anthu ndi magalimoto olemera.Kufikira pakuyandikira mabasi amagetsi, ma vani ndi ma taxi adzakhala otsika mtengo kuposa magalimoto oyendera dizilo kapena mafuta.Izi zidzapanga chisankho chogwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamagetsi osati zachilengedwe zokha, komanso zachuma.
Kufikira pakuyandikira mabasi amagetsi, ma vani ndi ma taxi adzakhala otsika mtengo kuposa magalimoto oyendera dizilo kapena mafuta.
Komabe, kuti athe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi, komanso kuti asachepetse kupititsa patsogolo, maukonde olipira amayenera kukulitsidwa kwambiri.Malinga ndi kulosera kwa Lars Thomsen, kufunikira m'magawo onse atatu opangira zida zolipirira (ma autobahns, kopita ndi nyumba) kukukulirakulira.
Kusankha mipando mosamala ndi kusankha malo opangira zolipirira mpando uliwonse ndikofunikira tsopano.Ngati zikuyenda bwino, zidzatheka kupeza ndalama kuchokera kuzinthu zolipiritsa anthu osati kudzera mu kukhazikitsa komweko, koma kudzera mu mautumiki okhudzana, monga kugulitsa zakudya ndi zakumwa m'malo olipira.
Kuyang'ana pa chitukuko cha msika wapadziko lonse, zikuwoneka kuti chikhalidwe cha mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu sichinayime ndipo mtengo wamagetsiwa ukupitirirabe.
Panopa tikupanga mitengo m'misika yamagetsi chifukwa gwero limodzi lamphamvu (gasi wachilengedwe) limapangitsa magetsi kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri (pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zingapo zosakhalitsa).Komabe, zomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano sizokhazikika, chifukwa zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mikangano yazandale komanso zachuma.Pakati pa nthawi yayitali, magetsi adzakhala otsika mtengo, zowonjezera zowonjezereka zidzakhalapo ndipo gululi lidzakhala lanzeru.
Magetsi adzakhala otsika mtengo, mphamvu zowonjezereka zidzapangidwa, ndipo maukonde adzakhala anzeru
M'badwo wogawidwa umafunikira gululi wanzeru kuti ugawire mphamvu zomwe zilipo mwanzeru.Popeza magalimoto amagetsi amatha kuwonjezeredwa nthawi iliyonse akapanda ntchito, amathandizira kwambiri kukhazikika kwa gridi posunga nsonga zopanga.Komabe, pa izi, kasamalidwe ka katundu wa dynamic ndichinthu chofunikira pamasiteshoni onse atsopano omwe akulowa pamsika.
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mayiko aku Europe pankhani ya chitukuko cha zomangamanga zolipirira.Ku Scandinavia, Netherlands ndi Germany, mwachitsanzo, chitukuko cha zomangamanga chapita patsogolo kwambiri.
Ubwino wa zomangamanga zolipiritsa ndikuti kupanga kwake ndi kukhazikitsa kwake sikutenga nthawi yayitali.Malo ochapira m'mphepete mwa msewu amatha kukonzedwa ndikumangidwa m'milungu kapena miyezi ingapo, pomwe malo ochapira kunyumba kapena kuntchito amatenga nthawi yocheperako kuposa kukonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa.
Choncho tikamakamba za “zomangamanga” sitikutanthauza nthawi yomwe inkafunika kupanga misewu ikuluikulu ndi milatho yopangira magetsi a nyukiliya.Choncho ngakhale mayiko amene akutsalira m’mbuyo akhoza kufika mofulumira kwambiri.
M'nthawi yapakati, zopangira zolipiritsa anthu zitha kukhala paliponse pomwe zingakhale zomveka kwa ogwira ntchito ndi makasitomala.Mtundu wa kulipiritsa uyeneranso kusinthidwa ndi malo: pambuyo pa zonse, ndi ubwino wanji chojambulira cha 11kW AC pamalo opangira mafuta ngati anthu amangofuna kuyimitsa khofi kapena kuluma kuti adye ulendo wawo usanachitike?
Komabe, ma charger ama hotelo kapena malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi amamveka bwino kuposa ma charger othamanga kwambiri koma okwera mtengo kwambiri a DC: malo okwerera magalimoto, malo osangalalira, zokopa alendo, masitolo akuluakulu, ma eyapoti ndi malo okwerera mabizinesi.Malo opangira 20 AC pamtengo wa HPC imodzi (High Power Charger).
Ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi amatsimikizira kuti pafupifupi mtunda wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa 30-40 km (18-25 miles), palibe chifukwa choyendera malo opangira anthu.Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikulumikiza galimoto yanu pamalo othamangitsira masana kuntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kunyumba usiku.Onse amagwiritsa ntchito alternating current (alternating current), yomwe imakhala yochedwa ndipo motero imathandizira kuwonjezera moyo wa batri.
Magalimoto amagetsi ayenera kuwonedwa ngati athunthu.Ichi ndichifukwa chake mukufunikira mtundu woyenera wa malo othamangitsira pamalo oyenera.Masiteshoni opangira ndalama ndiye amathandizirana wina ndi mnzake kuti apange netiweki yophatikizika.
Chotsimikizika, komabe, ndikuti kulipiritsa kwa AC kunyumba kapena kuntchito nthawi zonse kumakhala njira yotsika mtengo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito popeza mitengo yolipiritsa yowonjezereka imaperekedwa mpaka 2025, kuchepetsa kulipiritsa kothandizidwa ndi grid.kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zilipo pa gridi, nthawi ya masana kapena usiku ndi katundu pa gridi, kulipira panthawiyo kumachepetsa ndalama.
Pali zifukwa zaukadaulo, zachuma komanso zachilengedwe za izi, komanso kuyitanitsa kolipiritsa kodziyimira pawokha (kwanzeru) pakati pa magalimoto, oyendetsa masiteshoni ndi oyendetsa grid kungakhale kopindulitsa.
Ngakhale pafupifupi 10% ya magalimoto onse ogulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi mu 2021 adzakhala magalimoto amagetsi, ndi 0.3% yokha ya magalimoto olemera omwe adzagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.Pakadali pano, magalimoto olemetsa amagetsi amangotumizidwa ambiri ku China mothandizidwa ndi boma.Mayiko ena alengeza mapulani opangira magetsi magalimoto olemera kwambiri, ndipo opanga akuwonjezera kuchuluka kwazinthu zawo.
Pankhani ya kukula, tikuyembekeza kuti chiwerengero cha magalimoto olemera amagetsi pamsewu chiwonjezeke ndi 2030. Pamene njira zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi m'malo mwa magalimoto olemera a dizilo zimafika posweka, mwachitsanzo, pamene ali ndi mtengo wochepa wa umwini, chisankhocho chidzasunthira kumtunda. magetsi.Pofika chaka cha 2026, pafupifupi zochitika zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zochitika zantchito zidzafika pang'onopang'ono poyambira.Ichi ndichifukwa chake, malinga ndi zoneneratu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa magetsi amagetsi m'magawo awa kudzakhala kokulirapo kuposa zomwe tidaziwona m'magalimoto onyamula anthu m'mbuyomu.
Dziko la US ndi dera lomwe latsalira ku Ulaya pakupanga magalimoto amagetsi.Komabe, deta yamakono imasonyeza kuti malonda a galimoto yamagetsi ku US akukula mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kutsika kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya gasi, osanenapo za kuchuluka kwa zinthu zatsopano komanso zokakamiza monga mzere wathunthu wa ma vani ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu, zapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chatsopano cha kutengera magalimoto amagetsi ku America.Gawo lamsika la EV lomwe lili kale lochititsa chidwi kumadera akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa tsopano likusunthira kumtunda.
M'madera ambiri, magalimoto amagetsi ndi abwino kwambiri, osati chifukwa cha chilengedwe, komanso chifukwa cha zachuma ndi ntchito.Malo opangira magalimoto amagetsi akuchulukirachulukira ku US, ndipo vuto ndilakuti akwaniritse zomwe zikukula.
Pakadali pano, China idatsika pang'ono, koma m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi isintha kuchoka kugulitsa kunja kupita kugalimoto yamagalimoto.Zofuna zapakhomo zikuyembekezeka kuchira ndikuwonetsa ziwopsezo zokulirapo kuyambira 2023, pomwe opanga aku China apeza gawo lalikulu pamsika ku Europe, US, Asia, Oceania ndi India m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Pofika chaka cha 2027, China ikhoza kutenga 20% yamsika ndikukhala mtsogoleri wamkulu pazatsopano komanso kuyenda kwatsopano pakanthawi kochepa.Zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri kuti ma OEM achikhalidwe aku Europe ndi America apikisane ndi omwe akupikisana nawo: potengera zigawo zikuluzikulu monga mabatire ndi zamagetsi, luntha lochita kupanga komanso kuyendetsa pawokha, China siili patsogolo koma, chofunikira kwambiri, mwachangu.
Pokhapokha ngati ma OEM achikhalidwe angawonjezere kusinthasintha kwawo kuti apange zatsopano, China itha kutenga chitumbuwa chachikulu pakanthawi kochepa.